The relationship between semantics and phonology is generally denied (Archangeli & Pulleyblank, 1994: 5, 433). That is, semantic and phonological changes usually apply independently. Phonological processes of Persian which convert a phonemic representation to its phonetic representation mostly do not involve any meaning changes. However, there are few idiosyncratic words in Persian whose phonetic representations which are used in the colloquial style differ in meaning from their phonemic representations. (VaR)ious types of semantic changes including extensionand restriction of meaning or both, in addition to pragmatic changes occur in these words. In some cases the meaning changes accompany a change in spelling too. This research addresses phonology-semantics interaction using “ lexical-access constraints” (Boersma, 2001), in optimality theory as the sole theory to make the analysis of phonology-semantics interaction to some extent possible. Furthermore, some of these interactions occur to save energy and to make less muscular effort. This is usually discussed in functional rather than formal approaches. Following Kirchner (1989) this research integrates functionalism and formalism in optimality theory to deal with this issue.

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of exchange rate shocks on the profitability performance of insurance companies using Panel (VaR) approach. For this purpose, the statistical data of 16 active commercial insurance companies in Tehran Stock Exchange during the period 2001-2018 were used. The (VaR)iables used in this study included exchange rate, return on assets and equity, loss ratio and premium. The results showed that by introducing a shock as much as a standard deviation of the (VaR)iable rate of return on the asset return, the positive reaction initially appeared and decreased after six periods of shock effect and in the long run the shock effect of Is gone. The response of insurance companies' stock returns to the shock of the exchange rate zone was such that the (VaR)iable initially had a positive response and continued for five periods of impact, but then the shock effect disappeared. The response of the premium and loss ratio (VaR)iables to the shock from the positive exchange rate has also been positive. According to the results of analysis of (VaR)iance it can be seen that in the long run the exchange rate was able to explain 18. 01% and 18. 48% of the volatility of ROA and ROE (VaR)iables. Given the structure considered in this study, it can be stated that the insecurity of the insurance companies has had a significant impact on the exchange rate impact on their profitability.

Mentha longifolia (L.) Hudson from labiatae family has different (VaR)ities. In present study we selected Mentha longifolia (L.) Hudson (VaR). kermanansis and Mentha longifolia (L.) Hudson (VaR). kotschiana, which cultivated in Research station of Alborz (Karadj). The volatile oil extracted from plant by steam distillation method and analyzed by GC and GC/MS. The major constituents obtained from M longifolia (L.) Hudson (VaR). kermanansis in flower oil were piperitenone oxide (44.3%), piperitone (25.3%)and piperitenone (10.6%) and in leaf oil were, piperitenone oxide (45.7%), piperitone (30.6%), piperitenone (5.6%), and for M longifolia (L.) Hudson (VaR). kotschiana in flower oil were piperitone (58.2%), 1,8-cineole (26.7%) and piperitenone oxide (4.6%) and in leaf oil were piperitone (64%) and 1,8-cineole (28.4%).

Antioxidant properties of plant extracts are apparently related to the content of their phenolic compounds. In this study, phenolic compounds from two acorns (VaR)ieties namely Q.branti (VaR) persica (Q.b) and Q.castaneifolia (VaR) castaneifolia (Q.c) were extracted with methanol (80%). After evaporation with rotary evaporator, extracts were dried with freeze drier. The concentrations of phenolic compounds in the extracts were determined according to the Folin-Ciocalteu method, and results were expressed as tannic acid equivalents per gram of dried extract (TAE/g d.e). Castaneifolia (VaR)iety had the highest phenolic content with 217.65 (TAE/g d.e). Antioxidant activity of methanolic extracts were studied in sunflower oil and compared with synthetic antioxidants, by measuring their peroxide and thiobarbituric acid values during accelerated storage. Methanolic extracts of acorns at three different concentrations (250,500 and 1000 ppm) and synthetic antioxidant at two concentrations were added to sunflower oil. Both extracts retarded the oxidation of sunflower oil at 70°c more efficiently than BHA and BHT. The peroxide and thiobarbitoric acid values of control samles were raised to 328.88 (meq peroxide/ kg oil) and 0.58 (mg malon aldehyde/kg oil) after tewelve days storage while this values were 176.36 and 0.332 for oil sample contain 1000 ppm methanilic extract of Q.c and 183.2 and for Q.b were 0.374, respectively.